Several case studies illustrate how cross-border public transport is provided under unilateral management and service delivery. In these cases, an authority from one side of the border is responsible for the management and operation of the service. For service delivery, operating standards from the country with the service provider generally apply albeit with stricter rules from the neighbouring country when necessary. Other governance and operational arrangements vary strongly, depending on the objective and context of the service.

Here are some examples of case studies illustrating unilateral management approaches:

• The bus connection between Bedous (France) and Canfranc (Spain) is operated by a private French company contracted by the French region Nouvelle-Aquitaine, in which a public service delegation contract is implemented thus respecting Cabotage with only one stop in Spain.
• A Hungarian state-owned bus and coach operator providing a link between Szombathely (Hungary) and Oberwart (Austria) mainly targets school pupils from Hungary under market conditions.
• The railway link between Johanngeorgenstadt (Germany) and Karlovy Vary (Czechia) is operated by the Czech state-owned railway provider České Dráhy under a public service obligation.
• The sole operator of tramway line 17 between Geneva (Switzerland) and Annemasse (France) is Geneva Public Transports, which is owned 100% by the Canton of Geneva. This tramway line is subject to a cross-border cooperation agreement.
• The ferry link between Greenore (Ireland) and Greencastle (UK) is based on an entirely private sector funded initiative of an Irish ferry company; operating under market conditions and supported by regional authorities from Ireland and UK, this ferry link helps to foster tourism, economic development and job creation in the Carlingford Lough area.

  More insights on the coordination of timetables and tariffs will be shared soon.